Overview
A penetration tester is a cybersecurity professional who simulates real-world attacks on networks, systems, applications, and devices to uncover security weaknesses.
By using the same techniques as malicious hackers, they identify vulnerabilities that could lead to data breaches, financial losses, or service disruptions.
Penetration testers apply both automated scanning tools and manual exploitation techniques to assess how well defenses hold up against potential threats.
Beyond conducting tests, penetration testers document their findings and provide detailed reports to IT and executive teams, explaining risks in business terms and recommending security improvements.
Their work is crucial in industries where sensitive data must remain protected, such as healthcare, finance, and government.
By proactively identifying and closing security gaps, penetration testers help organizations strengthen defenses, maintain compliance, and build trust with stakeholders.
Responsibilities
• Conduct penetration tests on networks, web applications, APIs, mobile apps, and hardware
• Use both automated tools and manual techniques to identify security vulnerabilities
• Attempt exploitation of vulnerabilities to demonstrate potential impact
• Develop scripts or tools to aid in testing and exploitation
• Prepare detailed reports outlining findings, risk levels, and remediation steps
• Collaborate with security teams to help prioritize and implement fixes
• Stay current on emerging threats, exploits, and hacking techniques
• Conduct follow-up tests to verify remediation efforts were successful
Required Skills and Qualifications
Hard skills
• Proficiency with penetration testing tools (Metasploit, Burp Suite, Nmap, Wireshark, etc.)
• Strong understanding of networking, operating systems, and security protocols
• Ability to write and analyze code/scripts in Python, PowerShell, Bash, or similar
• Familiarity with cloud platforms and testing in virtualized environments
Soft skills
• Analytical and problem-solving mindset with a "hacker's perspective"
• Strong written and verbal communication skills for technical and non-technical audiences
• Ability to work independently and collaboratively in high-pressure environments
• Detail-oriented approach with strong documentation practices
Education
• Bachelor's degree in computer science, information security, or a related field typically required
Certifications
• Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP) – highly regarded
• Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) – widely recognized
• CompTIA PenTest+ – foundational penetration testing credential
Preferred Qualifications
• 4+ years of hands-on penetration testing experience
• Experience performing red team assessments or advanced adversarial simulations
• Background in secure software development or reverse engineering
• Familiarity with compliance frameworks such as PCI DSS, SAMA, and NCA
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